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Jimmy YanceyJimmy Yancey (February 20, 1894, 1895,or 1901 – September 17, 1951) was a native of Chicago and learned to play piano from his elder brother, Alonzo, who was a Ragtime picker. Yancey’s father was a buck and wing dancer, and the kids were part of the act; sometime before 1915, the Yanceys appeared at Buckingham Palace before English Royalty. During the First World War, Jimmy Yancey played baseball in a Negro league team, the Chicago All-Americans.

It is widely stated that Yancey “invented” boogie-woogie; not possible given its rural mid-western roots, and that traces of this style appear in sources which lead back to the late 1870s. However, inasmuch as Chicago style of boogie-woogie is concerned, Yancey is known to have been playing such music in Chicago prior to 1920. In the early 1920s, Jimmy Yancey was a regularly seen player on the rent party circuit in Chicago, and under his spell a number of boogie pianists emerged, including Meade “Lux” Lewis, Albert Ammons and, probably, Clarence “Pinetop” Smith. In 1925, Yancey got a full time job as the groundskeeper of Comiskey Park in Chicago, and afterwards cut back on his rent party appearances.

In 1936, Meade “Lux” Lewis first recorded his piece Yancey Special, a boogie-woogie solo in part based on Yancey’s economic style of playing. Not long after, record producers and critics began to inquire just who Yancey was. In April of 1939, Jimmy Yancey finally, at age 41, was able to enter the studio for his maiden voyage on record for a short-lived label named Solo Art. Swiftly making up for the time he had lost, Yancey recorded 17 pieces in 18 sides at this first session. Only the first two made it to 78s, and the rest did not appear until after Yancey’s death. However, this got things rolling for Yancey, and later that year he recorded the first of two sessions for Bluebird.

The following year Yancey recorded for both Bluebird and Vocalion. While critics, who cited the purity and originality of Yancey’s approach to boogie woogie, acclaimed his discs, they did not sell well and this chapter of Yancey’s recorded work ended after just 15 titles. Yancey returned to the studio just three times more in the decade left to him. The tiny Sessions label of Chicago recorded another 16 titles with Yancey in 1943, and these featured for the first time, Jimmy’s wife, Estella “Mama” Yancey on vocals. They had been married in 1917 and often made music together at home, Mama having a beautifully soulful blues voice that matched perfectly with Jimmy’s pianism.

Only three sides in Yancey’s recorded output bear Jimmy’s own vocals, and these confirm that the task of vocalizing on Jimmy’s records was best left to Mama Yancey. There was nothing more from Yancey until December 1950 when John Steiner recorded him in six sides for the resuscitated Paramount label. Jimmy Yancey’s final session was made for fledgling indie Atlantic Records and spread over two days in July 1951, producing, as in his first session, 17 masters. He was joined by Mama Yancey on five of these. Two months later Jimmy Yancey died of a diabetic stroke, only 53 years of age. Mama Yancey continued to record for Atlantic, and other labels, long after Jimmy Yancey died.

Much has been written about Yancey’s influence on younger boogie pianists from south side, but little of this writing has much to say about how different he was from the players who claimed his influence. Yancey almost never uses walking bass patterns or octaves. He preferred a falling triad figure in fast pieces, and a slowly wandering variant of that same figure in slower ones. His right hand was endlessly exploratory, always going to new and unexpected places. Yancey’s chops are obviously somewhat limited and he never shows off in the way that Lux or Pete Johnson could.

Nevertheless, the ingeniousness of Yancey’s playing is in its unpredictability and the way he makes his sometimes-eccentric ideas make sense. Yancey had a famous stylistic quirk– at the end of every piece he would always turn back to the same tag in E-flat, without regard for what he was doing before leading up to that. The theoretical and formal implications of Yancey’s work are so interesting that it motivated Dutch minimalist composer Louis Andriessen to compose a piece for wind ensemble entitled “On Jimmy Yancey” (1973). Yancey seldom repeated pieces, apart from vocal numbers, and is not known to have gone beyond two takes in making any of his studio recordings.

On January 23, 1986, Jimmy Yancey was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of fame, largely based on his contributions to the development of Boogie Woogie as a style. Mama Yancey was present at this ceremony, although she would die mere months later. Fortunately, in terms of being to experience Jimmy Yancey we are not just limited to his studio recordings. While there are no radio broadcasts of his playing extant, home recordings of Yancey family music making exist in two batches, one consisting of instantaneous-cut lacquers made in 1943, the other being wire recordings made in 1951. The sound quality of these recordings is extremely variable, but they offer a casual, candid glimpse into the inner world of Jimmy Yancey’s music making. Despite the influence he may have had on boogie-woogie, which dominated the popular music scene in the late 1930s and early 1940s, Jimmy Yancey’s own music was made for fun, enjoyment and relaxation-the commercial music world is damned. —By Dave Lewis

TitleRecording DateRecording LocationCompany
Bear Trap Blues
(Jimmy Yancey)
2-23-1940Chicago, IllinoisVocalion
05490
Beezum Blues
(Jimmy Yancey)
4-1939Chicago, IllinoisSolo Art
unissued
Big Bear Train
(Jimmy Yancey)
4-1939Chicago, IllinoisSolo Art
unissued
Boodlin’
(Jimmy Yancey)
12-1943Chicago, IllinoisSession
10-001
Crying In My Sleep9-6-1940Chicago, IllinoisBluebird
B-8630
Death Letter Blues9-6-1940Chicago, IllinoisBluebird
B-8630
Five O’Clock Blues
(Jimmy Yancey)
10-25-1939Chicago, IllinoisVictor
26590-A
Janie’s Joys
(Jimmy Yancey)
4-1939Chicago, IllinoisSolo Art
unissued
Jimmy’s Stuff
(Jimmy Yancey)
4-1939Chicago, IllinoisSolo Art
12008
Jimmy’s Rocks
(Jimmy Yancey)
12-1943Chicago, IllinoisSession
10-001
How Long Blues
(Jimmy Yancey)
4-1939Chicago, IllinoisSolo Art
unissued
How Long Blues No. 2
(Jimmy Yancey)
4-1939Chicago, IllinoisSolo Art
unissued
I Love To Hear My Baby Call My Name
(Jimmy Yancey)
9-3-1940Chicago, IllinoisGannet
5138
Lean Bacon
(Jimmy Yancey)
4-1939Chicago, IllinoisSolo Art
unissued
LaSalle Street Breakdown
(Jimmy Yancey)
4-1939Chicago, IllinoisSolo Art
unissued
Lucille’s Lament
(Jimmy Yancey)
4-1939Chicago, IllinoisSolo Art
unissued
Old Quaker Blues
(Jimmy Yancey)
2-23-1940Chicago, IllinoisVocalion
05490
P.L.K Special
(Jimmy Yancey)
4-1939Chicago, IllinoisSolo Art
unissued
Rolling The Stone
(Jimmy Yancey)
4-1939Chicago, IllinoisSolo Art
unissued
Slow And Easy Blues
(Jimmy Yancey)
10-25-1939Chicago, IllinoisVictor
26591-B
South Side Stuff
(Jimmy Yancey)
4-1939Chicago, IllinoisSolo Art
unissued
State Street Special
(Jimmy Yancey)
10-25-1939Chicago, IllinoisVictor
26589-A
Steady Rock Blues
(Jimmy Yancey)
4-1939Chicago, IllinoisSolo Art
unissued
Tell ‘Em About Me
(Jimmy Yancey)
10-25-1939Chicago, IllinoisVictor
26590-B
The Mellow Blues
(Jimmy Yancey)
10-25-1939Chicago, IllinoisVictor
26591-A
35th And Dearborn
(Jimmy Yancey)
9-3-1940Chicago, IllinoisGannet
5138
35th And Dearborn
(Jimmy Yancey)
9-6-1940Chicago, IllinoisVictor
27238-B

053439-1
35th And Dearborn
(Jimmy Yancey)
9-6-1940Chicago, IllinoisRCA X
EVAB 3000

053439-2
Two O’Clock Blues
(Jimmy Yancey)
4-1939Chicago, IllinoisSolo Art
unissued
The Fives
(Jimmy Yancey)
4-1939Chicago, IllinoisSolo Art
12008
Yancey’s Bugle Call
(Jimmy Yancey)
9-6-1940Chicago, IllinoisVictor
27238-A

053438-1
Yancey’s Bugle Call
(Jimmy Yancey)
9-6-1940Chicago, IllinoisRCA X
EVAB 3000

053438-2
Yancy Getaway
(Jimmy Yancey)
4-1939Chicago, IllinoisSolo Art
unissued
Yancy Limited
(Jimmy Yancey)
4-1939Chicago, IllinoisSolo Art
unissued
Yancey’s Mixture
(Jimmy Yancey)
12-1943Chicago, IllinoisSession
unissued
Yancy Stomp
(Jimmy Yancey)
10-25-1939Chicago, IllinoisVictor
26589-B

 

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